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Max Polyakov

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Max Polyakov</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;">Макс Поляков</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Maksym Valeriyovych Polyakov Максим Валерійович Поляков</div> (1977-06-30) 30 June 1977 <a href="Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a>, <a href="Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label">Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Oles_Honchar_Dnipro_National_University" title="Oles Honchar Dnipro National University">Oles Honchar Dnipro National University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Businessman and philanthropist Managing Partner of Noosphere Ventures Former co-owner of <a href="Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

Maksym "Max" Polyakov (born 30 June 1977) is an international technology entrepreneur,<a href="#cite_note-rocketmogul-1">[1]</a> investor, economist, and <a href="Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropist</a> from <a href="Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. Polyakov is a general partner in the venture fund Noosphere Ventures Partners LP which invests in a number of technology companies over the global scale.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

Polyakov has a business philosophy with deep scientific roots. He follows the idea of Ukrainian scientist <a href="Vladimir_Vernadsky" title="Vladimir Vernadsky">Volodymyr Vernadsky</a> who claimed that knowledge is the driving force behind every further positive development on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn-noosphere-6">[6]</a> Polyakov believes that space-based technologies can and should be used to solve problems on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div>

Maksym "Max" Polyakov was born in <a href="Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a>, Ukraine. In high school, Polyakov won competitions in math and physics, then scholarships. In 2001, Polyakov graduated from Zaporizhzhia State Medical University as an obstetrician-gynecologist.<a href="#cite_note-rocketmogul-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

In 2013, Polyakov was awarded a <a href="Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in International Economics and in 2019, earned a Doctor of Economic Sciences.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

He is a co-author of philosophical and scientific works on noospherology, semiotics, and innovation in economics.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

Max Polyakov owns 18 patents.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business">Business</h2></div>

While studying at the university, Polyakov launched his first software outsourcing business.<a href="#cite_note-rocketmogul-1">[1]</a> Following the success of his first venture, he set up a number of successful tech businesses.

Polyakov co-founded the IDE Group which included the companies <a href="Cupid_plc" title="Cupid plc">Cupid</a>, Murka, <a href="HitDynamics" title="HitDynamics">HitDynamics</a> and Maxymiser in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars-firefly-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Polyakov took Cupid public on the <a href="London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> in 2010 and became the first Ukrainian entrepreneur to have a tech company listed on the London Stock Exchange.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 2015, Polyakov's startup Maxymiser was bought by the American corporation <a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ars-firefly-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="The_Blackstone_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Blackstone Group">Blackstone</a> bought out Murka project group in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>

Currently, Max focuses on the space industry in an attempt to build a vertically integrated holding company type through Noosphere Ventures asset management firm. The goal is to unite a whole cycle of space mission development to enable fast and affordable access to space.<a href="#cite_note-sn-noosphere-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noosphere_Ventures">Noosphere Ventures</h3></div>

In 2014, Polyakov founded Noosphere Ventures, an international asset management firm dedicated to the development of space technology.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The same year, Polyakov created Noosphere Engineering School (NES).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Noosphere Ventures hosted the 2016 FAI World Championships for Space Models in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Noosphere Ventures portfolio includes D-Orbit,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> a global provider of space logistic services, and electric rocket propulsion developer Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS).<a href="#cite_note-sn-dragonfly-30">[30]</a> In 2018, the SETS team was awarded the Seal of Excellence Certificate by the European Commission as part of the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Flight Control, liquid rocket engines manufacturer, also belongs to Noosphere Ventures portfolio.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EOS_Data_Analytics">EOS Data Analytics</h3></div>

In 2015, Polyakov's Noosphere Ventures created EOS Data Analytics (EOSDA),<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> a global provider of AI-powered satellite imagery analytics and developer of <a href="Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> solutions.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Four years later, EOSDA implemented a project on satellite-based monitoring of agricultural land use in cooperation with the <a href="World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the <a href="European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>

EOS Data Analytics participates in the GoldenEye project within the <a href="EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>’s Horizon 2020 initiative aimed<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>

to improve safety, environmental impact, and mine profitability by creating a platform that combines Earth observation technologies with on-site sensing.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>

The project targets five mining sites across Europe in (<a href="Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>). In October 2021, Dragonfly Aerospace has announced an agreement with EOS Data Analytics (EOSDA) to use its new 100 kg class µDragonfly satellite bus. The agreement will see EOSDA use the satellite bus as the platform for the two DragonEye electro-optical imagers.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>

On 3 January 2023, <a href="EOS_SAT-1" title="EOS SAT-1">EOS SAT-1</a>, the initial satellite of the company's EOS SAT constellation, the first agri-focused satellite swarm launched by a remote sensing company, was delivered into a low Earth orbit by <a href="SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>’s <a href="Falcon" title="Falcon">Falcon</a> 9 rocket from the <a href="Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a> (CCSFS) in Florida.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The satellite was built by the space imaging systems technology provider Dragonfly Aerospace and equipped with two high-resolution DragonEye cameras.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firefly_Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></div>

Polyakov's Noosphere Ventures acquired assets of Firefly Space Systems and later launched a new company keeping the original Firefly brand in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-ars-firefly-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-rocketmogul-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> By May 2018, a Firefly research and development center was opened in Polyakov's hometown of <a href="Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a>, Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In November of the same year, Firefly Aerospace entered the list of companies selected by <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> for its lunar exploration program with a total budget of $2.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

In 2019, the <a href="United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> selected Firefly to participate in the Orbital Services Program-4 (OSP-4) along with <a href="Rocketdyne" title="Rocketdyne">Rocketdyne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 2021, NASA awarded Firefly a $93.3 million to deliver a suite of 10 science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Firefly The team successfully performed pre-flight of their alpha rocket in September 2020.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> On 4 May 2021, CBInsights listed Firefly Aerospace as a 'unicorn' startup having achieved $1 billion valuation.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Firefly expected to make a second Alpha launch attempt in early 2022, but the flight is delayed.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In August 2021, Firefly Aerospace has hired Lauren Lyons, a former SpaceX and Blue Origin engineer, as its new chief operating officer.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Astra, the small launch company that recently went public, has signed a roughly $30 million deal for the rights to manufacture Firefly Aerospace's Reaver rocket engines in-house.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In October 2021, Firefly Aerospace announced that it has completed NASA's Critical Design Review (CDR) of its Blue Ghost lunar lander.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>

On 3 September 2021, a two-stage orbital expendable launch vehicle <a href="Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Firefly Alpha</a> exploded (because of deliberate mission termination) a few minutes after launch from the <a href="Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a> in California.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> On 1 October 2022, Firefly Alpha successfully reached orbit for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a> had raised $75 million to prepare for this launch.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a>

On 24 February 2022, it was announced that Polyakov and his company Noosphere will sell their stake in Firefly to AE Industrial Partners.<a href="#cite_note-spacenews-66">[66]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dragonfly_Aerospace">Dragonfly Aerospace</h3></div>

In April 2021, Max Polyakov bought majority stake in Dragonfly Aerospace, a South African satellite engineering company.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn-dragonfly-30">[30]</a> Dragonfly team has more than 20 years of experience in imaging satellites and payloads, mainly through the high-resolution cameras that it builds. Dragonfly develops satellite cameras for Earth Observing Systems Data Analytics.<a href="#cite_note-sn-dragonfly-30">[30]</a> The products of Dragonfly include CubeSat cameras (Gecko, Mantis, Chameleon and Caiman) with resolution up to 5 meters and cameras for microsatellites (HR-250 and Raptor). The company currently focuses on providing cameras to Europe and other markets outside the United States. Customers include satellite makers NanoAvionics and Loft Orbital, as well as Indian <a href="Hyperspectral_imaging" title="Hyperspectral imaging">hyper spectral imaging</a> startup Pixxel.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The company said in October that it will build two satellite cameras for EOSDA's first satellite, a crop-monitoring spacecraft slated to launch in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-sn-dragonfly-30">[30]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2></div>

In 2016, Polyakov created the non-profit organization Noosphere Association, which organizes STEM events such as BestRoboFest robotics festival and the Noosphere Vernadsky Challenge engineering startup competition.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Noosphere Ventures hosted the 2016 FAI World Championships for Space Models in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On 7 June 2021, Noosphere Ventures co-sponsored the 11th Annual Space Foundation Student Art Contest.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Since 2017, Noosphere Association has sponsored and supported the NASA Space Apps Challenge in Dnipro.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a>

In March 2022, Polyakov along with EOS Data Analytics appealed to the global remote sensing firms and organizations to provide real-time SAR data to support the Armed Forces of Ukraine with actionable intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> As the <a href="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> unfolded, he donated over ₴100 million to the "Army of drones"<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> project and a significant donation to <a href="Serhiy_Prytula" title="Serhiy Prytula">Serhiy Prytula</a> Charity Foundation. In August 2022 when a Ukrainian charity organization decided to purchase an SAR satellite for the crowdfunded money to cater for the needs of the military, they turned to Max Polyakov for his expertise in the space industry. The purchased satellite has already strongly helped in the battlefield, according to <a href="Ministry_of_Defence_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Defence (Ukraine)">Ukrainian Ministry of Defence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div>

A two-year study by the fact-checking web site <a href="Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a> led to an investigation by the BBC and Kyiv Post to show that before working in the space industry, Max Polyakov made his fortune from deceptive dating sites.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Noosphere Ventures released a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noosphereventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Statement.pdf">statement</a> refuting Snopes' investigation, claiming that Max Polyakov had left the company in 2012 and connecting publication of the material with a lawsuit filed by former Firefly Systems investors.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In December 2021, the U.S. government requested Polyakov to sell his stake in the rocket company Firefly Aerospace Inc. due to national security concerns, despite all the precautionary measures taken by the management earlier and no prior questions to ownership.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On 24 February 2022, it was announced that Polyakov and his company Noosphere would sell their stake in Firefly to AE Industrial Partners.<a href="#cite_note-spacenews-66">[66]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3></div>

After a lengthy conflict with US regulators, Ukrainian businessman Max Polyakov has been released from all conditions imposed on him and his companies prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. After stepping back from day-to-day operations, Polyakov was forced to sell his shares just before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, resulting in significant financial losses. Although Firefly has since succeeded, with its Alpha rocket achieving full success in September 2023 and the company securing new business ventures, Polyakov won’t likely return to Firefly. He remains active in the space industry.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Berger-89">[89]</a>

Polyakov is quoted as saying, "I hope you now are happy. History will judge all of you guys."<a href="#cite_note-Berger-89">[89]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div>

Polyakov moved to <a href="Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> where he co-founded the venture capital fund Noosphere Venture Partners in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In 2021, Polyakov moved to Edinburgh, Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Polyakov has been described as "A lightning-fast talker with a rugby player’s build and a salesman’s disposition."<a href="#cite_note-ozy-92">[92]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3></div>

Max Polyakov is married with four children.<a href="#cite_note-ozy-92">[92]</a>

Polyakov's father Valeriy wrote operating system software for Soviet space rockets. His mother developed hardware systems meant to make the rockets reusable.<a href="#cite_note-rocketmogul-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFVance2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Ashlee_Vance" title="Ashlee Vance">Vance, Ashlee</a> (22 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-09-22/firefly-aerospace-and-max-polyakov-want-to-build-smaller-rockets-than-spacex">"A Rocket Mogul Is Preparing to Launch a Union of U.S. and Soviet Technology"</a>. Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 26 November 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wales247.co.uk/max-polyakov-an-entrepreneur-and-philanthropist/">"Max Polyakov: An Entrepreneur and Philanthropist"</a>. 19 July 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCronin2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cronin, Mike (20 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2020/03/20/how-space-startupfirefly-went-from-the-brink-of.html">"From Bankrupt to Blasting Off"</a>. <a href="Austin_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Business Journal">Austin Business Journal</a>. Retrieved 30 July 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vernadskychallenge.com/">"Vernadsky Challenge - The Engineering Startup Competition organized by the Noosphere Association"</a>. vernadskychallenge.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite>

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